The lycophytes are the oldest of the seedless vascular plants that have living representatives. Coniferophyta koniferafata is made from two latin and one greek root that mean cone conus. The vegetative organs include the roots, stems and leaves. None of the lycophytes is over a meter or so tall, even in the tropics where they flourish and are the most abundant. Because blue light penetrates water to a greater depth than light of longer wavelengths, these pigments allow red algae to photosynthesize and live at somewhat greater depths than most other algae. General characters of fungi development of ecourse for b. Euglenophyta is of the small phylum division of the kingdom protista. The red algae phylum rhodophyta synthesizes a class of watersoluble pigments termed phycobilins, known to be produced only by another algae, the cryptomonads.
Lycophytes, also known as the fern allies, are a clade of vascular plants similar to ferns but have unique leaves called microphylls. The cell walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid a complex polysaccharide. These ovules and seeds are found on the upper surfaces of scale structures which often are clustered into cones. Depending on who you are listening to will determine whether they are protists or plants. An example of the polyp form is hydra spp perhaps the most wellknown medusoid animals are the jellies jellyfish. The modern plants resemble their arborescent ancestors that grew 250 million years agowhich might make equisetum the oldest living vascular plant genus and the one least changed over time. What are the characteristics of the phylum gnetophyta. General characteristics cyanophyta be prokaryotic body unicellular or multicellular have chlorophyll, is photoautotrophs habitat cosmopolita. Pdf calliblepharis occidentalis was originally described from northeastern brazil and later. Gracilaria, gelidium, pterocladia and other red algae are used in the manufacture of the allimportant agar, used widely as a growth medium for microorganisms, and for food and biotechnological applications. Pdf a molecular and morphological reinvestigation of topotype. The xylem is without vessels and phloem lacks companion cells.
They are characterised by the absence of cell wall from their amoeboid. They are xerophytic, with sunken stomata and thick cuticle. An interesting feature of all gnetophytes is the presence of both tracheids and vessel elements in their xylem tissue. Both fresh and saltwater members of this group are comparatively few in number. Conifers are extremely important for timber and paper production. The reserve food material is paramyllum bodies and pyrenoids. Charophyta karofata is derived from two greek roots that mean joy khara. They are red in colour due to the presence of a pigment called chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin. Important characteristic features of the bryophytes 533.
As with the ferns, lycophytes produce spores for reproduction and are both windpollinated and dispersed. As with the ferns, lycophytes produce spores for reproduction. The reference is to plants that bear cones, a common attribute of most. The coniferophytes are considered gymnosperms as are the. General characteristics of fungi ppt, what are the characters of kingdom fungi.
Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Two of the three genera of ginkgophytes, ginkgoites and baiera, are extinct. Magnoliophyta article about magnoliophyta by the free. Pheophyceae are called commonly known as brown algae. Here, we report the taxonomic characteristics of a novel marine agarolytic bacterium, designated 017 t. Ep d,g tumwlw isc ephedra and welwitschia are adapted to dry climates, while gnetum is moist tropical largely disjunct distributions m ostlyd iecu vessels in xylem double fertilization evolutionarily derived traits pollinated by. What are some general characteristics of kingdom protista. Characteristics of phylum cnidaria phylum cnidaria includes animals that show radial or biradial symmetry and are diploblastic, that is, they develop from two embryonic layers. What are the characteristicsfeatures of euglenophyta. Rhodophyta red algae florideophycidae 99% filamentous pseudoparenchymatous apical growth complex oogamy triphasic pit connections bangiophycidae 1% unicell, filament, blade diffuse growth simple life histories e. The oxygen in todays atmosphere is almost entirely the result of photosynthetic living, which had its start with the appearance of bluegreen algae among. Introduction to the rhodophyta the red algae red algae are red because of the presence of the pigment phycoerythrin. In these subclasses, however, are over 10,000 species that have been described. Ginkgophyte, any member of the division ginkgophyta, a group of gymnospermous plants of particular interest to paleobotanists.
Thallophytes characteristics and division of thallophyta. Phylum coniferophyta university of virginias college at wise. This unusual group of small herbaceous plants is characterized. Often called flowering plants or angiosperms, they have several unique characteristics, the most prominent of which. The bryophytes occupy the position in between algae on one hand and the pteridophytes on the other. Gymnosperms seed plants gymnosperms and the seed 1. The reproductive organs include flowers, fruits and seeds.
General characters of fungi definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, reproduction in fungi asexual. Oct 23, 2016 most liverworts are small, usually from 220 millimetres 0. They are a polyphyletic group of organisms that share characteristics, rather than sharing a single common ancestor. Background and divisional characteristics of red algae. Red algae may be unicellular, but most are filamentous or membranaceous. General characteristics of algae with key points easy. The terrestrial plants, the embryophyta emerged within charophyta, with the class zygnematophyceae as a sister group.
They are primitive plants and lack seeds, wood, fruit and flowers. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. All euglena belong to the genus euglena and the class eugelnoidea. Red algae are used as the source of food for thousands of years as they are high in vitamins, minerals, a rich source of calcium, magnesium, and antioxidants. In this article we will discuss about the general features and phylogenetic relationships of rhodophyta.
Characteristics of phylum cnidaria biology for majors ii. The members of this group produce ovules that mature into seeds. What are the major characteristics of phylum hepatophyta. They possesses brown colored photosynthetic pigments fucoxanthin and. Gracilaria, gelidium, pterocladia and other red algae are used in the manufacture of the allimportant agar, used widely as a growth medium for. Phylum rhodophyta is a classification of a specific set of red algae. It grows all the way from canada to georgia and is especially. The algae coming under this family is known as pure green algae only fresh water forms are present.
Basal chlorophyta are the mesostigmatophyceae, the. There are about 1,200 species today in three lycophyte families. The wood lacks vessels see trachea and vessel element. Schizophyta is just a division that comprises of bluegreen algae and the bacteria classes schizomycetes and myxophyceae and it is basically characterized by the. Phylum coniferophyta university of virginias college at. Characteristics cyanophyta cyanobacteria bluegreen algae. What are gymnosperms and what are its characteristics. Algaegeneral characteristics and classification online. Vertebrates scales cold blooded eggs skin shedding examples thorny dragon 20 cm.
They primarily live in marine environments, though some. They are protists, which means they show characteristics seen in both plants and animals. There are approximately 6,000 species of rhodophyta. The food reserves contain sugar, higher alcohol and other complex forms of polysaccharides. Cai my, manual for the systematic identification of general bacteria. Reproductive organs are usually in the form of cones or strobili. Phaeophyta characteristics phaeophyta are the most complex forms of algae. This is a conspicuous group of woody plants commonly known as the conifers.
Both of the latter two families have only one genus each selaginella with about 700 species and isoetes with about 100. Classes prasinophyceae chlorophyceae evolutionary lines flagellated species nonflagellated species colonies filaments ulvophyceae charophyceae phylum chlorophyta general characteristics. They are commonly known as red algae due to the presence of a water soluble red pigment, r. Equisetum grows worldwide except for australia, new zealand, and antarctica. Defining the major lineages of red algae rhodophyta article in journal of phycology 422. Some of them are unicellular species that grow as filaments or membranelike sheet cells, and some multicellular coralline species deposit calcium carbonate inside and. Polyp forms are sessile as adults, with a single opening to the digestive system the mouth facing up with tentacles surrounding it. Introduction to the rhodophyta university of california. It is a distinctive type of species that are mostly found in the freshwater lakes and are the oldest type of eukaryotic algae. Characteristics of schizophyta is explained in a below paragraph. Distinguishing characteristics of the phylum gnetophyta include the presence of both tracheids and vessels in their xylem tissue, a unique fertilization feature in which a tube grows from the eggs to unite with pollen tubes, and being the only division of gymnosperms that undergo double fertilization. The rhodophyta or red algae are almost entirely confined to the sea.
The third genus, ginkgo, has only one member, ginkgo biloba, commonly called the ginkgo tree. Fungi singular fungus mushroom, from greek are chlorophyllless thallophytic plant. Euglenophyceae classificationcharacteristics lifeeasy. Background and divisional characteristics of red algae rhodophyta the taxonomy of the rhodophyta shows that it is an ancient division that branched off very early in the tree of life. The reference is the the plant, chara, after which the phylum was named, is the joy of the water. Unlike green algae or chlorophyta, they lack true starch. It is a large group of algae consisting of about 831 genera and over 5. They are sources of dietary fibre as they have the ability to promote healthy circulation, lower bad cholesterol and regulate blood sugar levels. Sexual three examples of organisms pinus pine tree cedrus libani cedar of lebanon picea spruce interesting facts habitat.
The members of phaeophyta belonging to laminarales are called kelps. Most liverworts are small, usually from 220 millimetres 0. Rhodophyta a group of eukarya which are mostly red in colour. These include lichens, algae, fungus, bacteria and slime moulds and bryophytes. Although most species do carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll pigments, they also feed on other organisms by engulfing them in their cell membranes through a process known as. The body covered by flexible pellicle formed of protein the body has definite anterior and posterior ends the reserve food material is paramyllum bodies and pyrenoids the members are motile and flagellates. The algae coming under this family is known as pure green algae. Charophyta is a division of freshwater green algae. Most species grow in the northern hemisphere between about 40 and 60 n latitude. Vegetative organs and reproductive organs can be found. Animals in this phylum display two distinct morphological body plans.
Phylum magnoliophyta flowering plants springerlink. They constitute one of the two major lines clades of vascular plants, which split probably in the silurian age, but at least by the devonian. There is only one class and two subclasses in the division. Anthophyta characteristics vascular systems flowers fruits angiosperms encased seeds 235 k spp two classes difference is the number of cotyledons embryonic leaves liliopsida monocots mono 1, 1 cotyledon magnoliopsida dicots di 2, 2 cotyledons monocot vs dicot parallel veins. Comparison of main vegetative and reproductive characters of. Linear leaves are flattened toptobottom rather than rounded like true needles. Nearly all about 99 percent cnidarians are marine species. The most familiar liverworts consist of a prostrate, flattened, ribbonlike or br. Red algae have a number of general characteristics that in combination distinguish them from other eukaryotic groups. The characteristic features of the phylum division of magnoliophyta are. Factors affecting bacterial growth the bacterial growth is influenced by several factors, both biotic and abiotic factors. The life of the planet began the long, slow process of modulating and regulating the physical conditions of the planet. The red algae kappaphycus and betaphycus are now the most important sources of carrageenan, a commonly used ingredient in food, particuarly yoghurts, chocolate milk and repared puddings.
The true firs of genus abies, fake firs of genus pseudotsuga and hemlocks of genus tsuga have linear leaves. Some of the most important characteristic features of the bryophytes are as follows. With the exception of few aquatic forms they are truly landinhabiting plants. Thallophytes are a polyphyletic group of nonmobile organisms that are grouped together on the basis of similarity of characteristics, but do not share a common ancestor. They were formerly categorized as a subkingdom of kingdom plantae. Defining the major lineages of red algae rhodophyta. They are commonly known as red algae due to the presence of a water soluble red pigment, r phycoerythrin. A division of seed plants consisting of about 250,000 species, which form the bulk and most conspicuous element of the land plants. Coniferophyta pinophyta the biggest division of gymnosperms, with a long fossil history, comprising trees and shrubs, nearly all of which are evergreen, commonly with monopodial crowns. They include approximately 70 species of gymnosperms that each exhibit a number of flowering characteristics which have led people to believe they may be the predecessors to the flowering angiosperm plants. Growth rate of fungi is slower than that of bacteria. Porphyra general characteristics no flagella different from other groups except. Rhodophyta have been identified as some of the oldest and most numerous up to 10,000 species of the algae.
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